"Query string too long" error when Windows Authentication Enabled

I am seeing the following error after I changed the authentication settings to my MVC5 Application (in VS 2013):

HTTP Error 404.15 - Not Found

The request filtering module is configured to deny a request where the query string is too long.

These are the Development Server settings:
Anonymous Authentication: Disabled
Windows Authentication: Enabled

In Web.config:

<system.web>
<authentication mode="Windows" />
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5.1" />
<httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5.1" />

and

<system.webServer>
<modules>
<remove name="FormsAuthentication" />
</modules>
</system.webServer>

There are no [Authorize] attributes anywhere in the application.

What setting(s) have I failed to set that causes the problem?